Results for 'Samuel J. Thomas'

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  1.  18
    Learning the Structure of Social Influence.Samuel J. Gershman, Hillard Thomas Pouncy & Hyowon Gweon - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (S3):545-575.
    We routinely observe others’ choices and use them to guide our own. Whose choices influence us more, and why? Prior work has focused on the effect of perceived similarity between two individuals, such as the degree of overlap in past choices or explicitly recognizable group affiliations. In the real world, however, any dyadic relationship is part of a more complex social structure involving multiple social groups that are not directly observable. Here we suggest that human learners go beyond dyadic similarities (...)
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  2.  38
    The Intentions with Which the Road is Paved: Attitudes to Liberalism as Determinants of Greenwashing.Samuel Touboul & Thomas J. Roulet - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 128 (2):305-320.
    Previous literature has shown contradictory results regarding the relationship between economic liberalism at the country level and firms’ engagement in corporate social action. Because liberalism is associated with individualism, it is often assumed that firms will engage in mostly symbolic rather than substantive social and environmental actions; in other words, they will practice “greenwashing.” To understand how cultural beliefs in the virtues of liberalism affect the likelihood of greenwashing, we disentangle the effects of the distinct and co-existing beliefs in the (...)
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  3.  30
    Science and religion: An origins story.Samuel J. Loncar - 2021 - Zygon 56 (1):275-296.
    In recent scholarship, the science and religion debate has been historicized, revealing the novelty of the concepts of science and religion and their complex connections to secularization and the birth of modernity. This article situates this historicist turn in the history of philosophy and its connections to theology and Scripture, showing that the science and religion concept derives from philosophy's earlier tension with theology as it became an academic discipline centered in the medieval, then research university, with the centrality of (...)
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  4.  9
    What Is the Model in Model‐Based Planning?Thomas Pouncy, Pedro Tsividis & Samuel J. Gershman - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (1):e12928.
    Flexibility is one of the hallmarks of human problem‐solving. In everyday life, people adapt to changes in common tasks with little to no additional training. Much of the existing work on flexibility in human problem‐solving has focused on how people adapt to tasks in new domains by drawing on solutions from previously learned domains. In real‐world tasks, however, humans must generalize across a wide range of within‐domain variation. In this work we argue that representational abstraction plays an important role in (...)
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  5.  21
    Exploring and Expanding Supererogatory Acts: Beyond Duty for a Sustainable Future.Gareth R. T. White, Anthony Samuel & Robert J. Thomas - 2023 - Journal of Business Ethics 185 (3):665-688.
    Supererogation has gained attention as a means of explaining the voluntary behaviours of individuals and organizations that are done for the benefit of others and which go above what is required of legislation and what may be expected by society. Whilst the emerging literature has made some significant headway in exploring supererogation as an ethical lens for the study of business there remain several important issues that require attention. These comprise, the lack of primary evidence upon which such examinations have (...)
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  6.  99
    Immersive 3D Virtual Reality Cancellation Task for Visual Neglect Assessment: A Pilot Study.Samuel E. J. Knobel, Brigitte C. Kaufmann, Stephan M. Gerber, Dario Cazzoli, René M. Müri, Thomas Nyffeler & Tobias Nef - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
  7. Educationa Studies.Joanne Bronars, Jianping Shen, Don Martin Robert J. Beebe, Edward J. Power Jane Gaskell, Clinton B. Allison C. J. B. MacMillan, George R. Knight Samuel Totten, Robert D. Heslep Joseph S. Malikail, S. Pike Hall Dennis L. Carlson, Demise Twohey Thomas A. Brindley & Francis Schrag Thomas P. Thomas - 1993 - Educational Studies 24 (2):101.
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  8.  14
    The Surprising Creativity of Digital Evolution: A Collection of Anecdotes From the Evolutionary Computation and Artificial Life Research Communities.Joel Lehman, Jeff Clune, Dusan Misevic, Christoph Adami, Julie Beaulieu, Peter Bentley, Bernard J., Belson Samuel, Bryson Guillaume, M. David, Nick Cheney, Antoine Cully, Stephane Donciuex, Fred Dyer, Ellefsen C., Feldt Kai Olav, Fischer Robert, Forrest Stephan, Frénoy Stephanie, Gagneé Antoine, Goff Christian, Grabowski Leni Le, M. Laura, Babak Hodjat, Laurent Keller, Carole Knibbe, Peter Krcah, Richard Lenski, Lipson E., MacCurdy Hod, Maestre Robert, Miikkulainen Carlos, Mitri Risto, Moriarty Sara, E. David, Jean-Baptiste Mouret, Anh Nguyen, Charles Ofria, Marc Parizeau, David Parsons, Robert Pennock, Punch T., F. William, Thomas Ray, Schoenauer S., Shulte Marc, Sims Eric, Stanley Karl, O. Kenneth, Fran\C. Cois Taddei, Danesh Tarapore, Simon Thibault, Westley Weimer, Richard Watson & Jason Yosinksi - 2018 - CoRR.
    Biological evolution provides a creative fount of complex and subtle adaptations, often surprising the scientists who discover them. However, because evolution is an algorithmic process that transcends the substrate in which it occurs, evolution’s creativity is not limited to nature. Indeed, many researchers in the field of digital evolution have observed their evolving algorithms and organisms subverting their intentions, exposing unrecognized bugs in their code, producing unexpected adaptations, or exhibiting outcomes uncannily convergent with ones in nature. Such stories routinely reveal (...)
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  9.  12
    Foundations of mathematics.Kurt Gödel, Jack J. Bulloff, Thomas C. Holyoke & Samuel Wilfred Hahn (eds.) - 1969 - New York,: Springer.
  10.  50
    Linguistic intuitions and the faculty of language: Samuel Schindler, Anna Drożdżowicz, and Karen Brøcker (eds): Linguistic intuitions: Evidence and method. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, 302pp, £65 HB.Thomas J. Hughes - 2021 - Metascience 31 (1):117-120.
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  11.  46
    Bibliografische Nota's. [REVIEW]A. Pattin, B. Delfgaauw, L. De Vos, J. Lannoy, I. Verhack, C. E. M. Struyker Boudder, Guido Vloemans, S. De Bleeckere, G. A. De Brie, Henk Struyker Boudier, Samuel Ijsseling, B. De Gelder, Peter Jonkers, F. Volpi, P. Van Overbeke, G. Fuller & A. H. Thomas - 1981 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 43 (3):591 - 604.
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  12.  73
    Greeks in Egypt Alan E. Samuel: From Athens to Alexandria: Hellenism and Social Goals in Ptolemaic Egypt. (Studia Hellenistica, 26.) Pp. xi + 130. Louvain: Studia Hellenistica, 1983. Paper, B. frs. 600. [REVIEW]J. David Thomas - 1988 - The Classical Review 38 (01):91-92.
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  13.  52
    Le volontarisme doxastique et les raisons de la foi chez Thomas d’Aquin.Samuel Dishaw - 2016 - Ithaque 19:49-76.
    Autant dans la Somme Théologique que dans le De Veritate, Thomas d’Aquin développe une théorie de la foi religieuse au sein de laquelle la volonté occupe un rôle central. Ceci soulève la question exégétique de savoir si Thomas d’Aquin va jusqu’à endosser un volontarisme doxastique, c’est-à-dire la thèse selon laquelle il est possible de former certaines croyances volontairement. Dans cet article, je soulève quelques difficultés propres aux lectures de l’Aquinate qui ne lui attribuent pas un volontarisme doxastique. J’explique (...)
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  14.  17
    Treating oneself merely as a means.Samuel J. Kerstein - 2008 - In Monika Betzler (ed.), Kant's Ethics of Virtues. De Gruyter. pp. 201-218.
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  15.  13
    Thomas Samuel Kuhn, 18 July 1922-17 June 1996.J. L. Heilbron - 1998 - Isis 89 (3):505-515.
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  16.  14
    Thomas Samuel Kuhn, 18 July 1922-17 June 1996.J. Heilbron - 1998 - Isis 89:505-515.
  17.  30
    Objects and the Museum.Samuel J. M. M. Alberti - 2005 - Isis 96 (4):559-571.
    This survey outlines a history of museums written through biographies of objects in their collections. First, the mechanics of the movement of things and the accompanying shifts in status are considered, from manufacture or growth through collecting and exchange to the museum. Objects gathered meanings through associations with people they encountered on their way to the collection, thus linking the history of museums to broader scientific and civic cultures. Next, the essay addresses the use of items once they joined a (...)
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  18.  1
    Limited information-processing capacity in vision explains number psychophysics.Samuel J. Cheyette, Shengyi Wu & Steven T. Piantadosi - forthcoming - Psychological Review.
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  19.  26
    The science of personality: nomothetic or idiographic?Samuel J. Beck - 1953 - Psychological Review 60 (6):353-359.
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  20.  63
    How to Treat Persons.Samuel J. Kerstein - 2013 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    Samuel J. Kerstein develops a new, broadly Kantian account of the ethical issues that arise when a person treats another merely as a means. He explores how Kantian principles on the dignity of persons shed light on pressing issues in modern bioethics, including the distribution of scarce medical resources and the regulation of markets in organs.
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  21.  30
    Context, learning, and extinction.Samuel J. Gershman, David M. Blei & Yael Niv - 2010 - Psychological Review 117 (1):197-209.
  22.  87
    When pestilence prevails physician responsibilities in epidemics.Samuel J. Huber & Matthew K. Wynia - 2004 - American Journal of Bioethics 4 (1):5 – 11.
    The threat of bioterrorism, the emergence of the SARS epidemic, and a recent focus on professionalism among physicians, present a timely opportunity for a review of, and renewed commitment to, physician obligations to care for patients during epidemics. The professional obligation to care for contagious patients is part of a larger "duty to treat," which historically became accepted when 1) a risk of nosocomial infection was perceived, 2) an organized professional body existed to promote the duty, and 3) the public (...)
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  23.  13
    Deconstructing the human algorithms for exploration.Samuel J. Gershman - 2018 - Cognition 173 (C):34-42.
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  24. Defending the Traditional Interpretations of Kant’s Formula of a Law of Nature.Samuel J. M. Kahn - 2019 - Theoria 66 (158):76-102.
    In this paper I defend the traditional interpretations of Kant’s Formula of a Law of Nature from recent attacks leveled by Faviola Rivera-Castro, James Furner, Ido Geiger, Pauline Kleingeld and Sven Nyholm. After a short introduction, the paper is divided into four main sections. In the first, I set out the basics of the three traditional interpretations, the Logical Contradiction Interpretation, the Practical Contradiction Interpretation and the Teleological Contradiction Interpretation. In the second, I examine the work of Geiger, Kleingeld and (...)
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  25.  68
    Kant’s Search for the Supreme Principle of Morality.Samuel J. Kerstein - 2002 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    At the core of Kant's ethics lies the claim that if there is a supreme principle of morality then it cannot be a principle based on utilitarianism or Aristotelian perfectionism or the Ten Commandments. The only viable candidate for such a principle is the categorical imperative. This book is the most detailed investigation of this claim. It constructs a new, criterial reading of Kant's derivation of one version of the categorical imperative: the Formula of Universal Law. This reading shows this (...)
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  26.  27
    Crime in England.Samuel J. Barrows - 1904 - International Journal of Ethics 14 (2):180-184.
  27.  6
    Crime in England.Samuel J. Barrows - 1904 - International Journal of Ethics 14 (2):180.
  28.  14
    Implications for ego in Tillich's ontology of anxiety.Samuel J. Beck - 1957 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 18 (4):451-470.
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  29.  22
    Modeling the N400 ERP component as transient semantic over-activation within a neural network model of word comprehension.Samuel J. Cheyette & David C. Plaut - 2017 - Cognition 162 (C):153-166.
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  30.  47
    Amateurs and Professionals in One County: Biology and Natural History in Late Victorian Yorkshire. [REVIEW]Samuel J. M. M. Alberti - 2001 - Journal of the History of Biology 34 (1):115 - 147.
    My goals in this paper are twofold: to outline the refashioning of amateur and professional roles in life science in late Victorian Yorkshire, and to provide a revised historiography of the relationship between amateurs and professionals in this era. Some historical treatments of this relationship assume that amateurs were demoralized by the advances of laboratory science, and so ceased to contribute and were left behind by the autonomous "new biology." Despite this view, I show that many amateurs played a vital (...)
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  31.  25
    Defending Wittgenstein’s Remarks on Cantor from Putnam.Samuel J. Wheeler - 2021 - Philosophical Investigations 45 (3):320-333.
    Philosophical Investigations, Volume 45, Issue 3, Page 320-333, July 2022.
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  32.  11
    Realism in Religion: A Pragmatist’s Perspective.Samuel J. Youngs - 2011 - Philosophia Christi 13 (2):468-474.
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  33.  19
    Origin of perseveration in the trade-off between reward and complexity.Samuel J. Gershman - 2020 - Cognition 204 (C):104394.
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  34.  82
    Complete lives in the balance.Samuel J. Kerstein & Greg Bognar - 2010 - American Journal of Bioethics 10 (4):37 – 45.
    The allocation of scarce health care resources such as flu treatment or organs for transplant presents stark problems of distributive justice. Persad, Wertheimer, and Emanuel have recently proposed a novel system for such allocation. Their “complete lives system” incorporates several principles, including ones that prescribe saving the most lives, preserving the most life-years, and giving priority to persons between 15 and 40 years old. This paper argues that the system lacks adequate moral foundations. Persad and colleagues' defense of giving priority (...)
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  35. Kantian Ethics and our Duties to Nonhuman Animals.Samuel J. M. Kahn - 2024 - Between the Species 27 (1):82-107.
    Many take Kantian ethics to founder when it comes to our duties to animals. In this paper, I advocate a novel approach to this problem. The paper is divided into three sections. In the first, I canvass various passages from Kant in order to set up the problem. In the second, I introduce a novel approach to this problem. In the third, I defend my approach from various objections. By way of preview: I advocate rejecting the premise that nonhuman animals (...)
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  36.  45
    Model-Based Influences on Humans' Choices and Striatal Prediction Errors.Nathaniel D. Daw, Samuel J. Gershman, Ben Seymour, Peter Dayan & Raymond J. Dolan - 2011 - Neuron 69 (6):1204-1215.
    The mesostriatal dopamine system is prominently implicated in model-free reinforcement learning, with fMRI BOLD signals in ventral striatum notably covarying with model-free prediction errors. However, latent learning and devaluation studies show that behavior also shows hallmarks of model-based planning, and the interaction between model-based and model-free values, prediction errors, and preferences is underexplored. We designed a multistep decision task in which model-based and model-free influences on human choice behavior could be distinguished. By showing that choices reflected both influences we could (...)
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  37. Deciding to Believe Without Self-Deception.J. Thomas Cook - 1987 - Journal of Philosophy 84 (8):441-446.
    Williams, Elster and Pears hold that an effort to induce in oneself a belief in the truth of some proposition that one believes to be false can succeed only if one manages, somewhere along the way, to forget that one is engaged in such an effort. Although this view has strong intuitive appeal, it is false, and in this paper it is shown to be false by example.
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  38.  33
    Kant and Modern Political Philosophy.Samuel J. Kerstein - 2002 - Philosophical Review 111 (3):436-439.
    In Kant and Modern Political Philosophy, Katrin Flikschuh pursues two main aims. She tries to show that Kant’s theory of Right [Recht] is grounded in Kantian metaphysics. For example, we do not really understand Kant’s thought on property rights and cosmopolitanism unless we have in view its metaphysical underpinnings. Second, Flikschuh attempts to demonstrate the relevance of Kant’s theory of Right, especially as it is presented in Kant’s notoriously difficult Rechtslehre, to contemporary political concerns. In pursuing these aims she brings (...)
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  39. Kantian condemnation of commerce in organs.Samuel J. Kerstein - 2009 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 19 (2):pp. 147-169.
    Opponents of commerce in organs sometimes appeal to Kant’s Formula of Humanity to justify their position. Kant implies that anyone who sells an integral part of his body violates this principle and thereby acts wrongly. Although appeals to Kant’s Formula are apt, they are less helpful than they might be because they invoke the necessity of respecting the dignity of ends in themselves without specifying in detail what dignity is or what it means to respect it, and they cite the (...)
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  40.  36
    Dignity, Disability, and Lifespan.Samuel J. Kerstein - 2017 - Journal of Applied Philosophy.
    In the Paraplegia Case, we must choose either to preserve the life of a paraplegic for 10 years or that of someone in full health for the same duration. Non-consequentialists reject a benefit-maximising view, which holds that since the person in full health will have a higher quality of life, we ought to save him straightaway. In the Unequal Lifespan Case, we face a choice between saving one person for 5 years in full health and another for 25 years in (...)
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  41. Nary an Obligatory Maxim from Kant’s Universalizability Tests.Samuel J. M. Kahn - 2022 - Zeitschrift Für Ethik Und Moralphilosophie 5 (1):15-35.
    In this paper I argue that there would be no obligatory maxims if the only standards for assessing maxims were Kant’s universalizability tests. The paper is divided into five sections. In the first, I clarify my thesis: I define my terms and disambiguate my thesis from other related theses for which one might argue. In the second, I confront the view that says that if a maxim passes the universalizability tests, then there is a positive duty to adopt that maxim; (...)
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  42. Helen rehr.Samuel J. Bosch - 1978 - In Helen Rehr (ed.), Ethical Dilemmas in Health Care: A Professional Search for Solutions. Published for the Doris Siegel Memorial Fund of the Mount Sinai Medical Center by Prodist. pp. 35.
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  43. Prenatal Injury.Samuel J. M. Kahn - forthcoming - Res Philosophica.
    In this article, I confront Flanigan’s recent attempt to show, not merely that women have a right to commit prenatal injury, but also that women who act on this right are praiseworthy and should not be criticized for this injury. I show that Flanigan’s arguments do not work, and I establish presumptive grounds against any such right, namely: prenatal injury, by definition, involves intentional or negligent harm and, as such, may be subsumed under a wider class of actions that are (...)
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  44. Nonaccidental Rightness and the Guise of the Objectively Good.Samuel J. M. Kahn - forthcoming - Journal of Early Modern Studies:Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024.
    My goal in this paper is to show that two theses that are widely adopted among Kantian ethicists are irreconcilable. The paper is divided into four sections. In the first, I briefly sketch the contours of my own positive view of Kantian ethics, concentrating on the issues relevant to the two theses to be discussed: I argue that agents can perform actions from but not in conformity with duty, and I argue that agents intentionally can perform actions they take to (...)
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  45.  20
    Maximalising Providence: Samuel Rutherford's Augustinian Transformation of Scotist Scholasticism.Simon J. G. Burton - 2023 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 21 (2):151-172.
    In recent years evidence has emerged of the considerable influence of Scotist metaphysics on the Reformed scholasticism of the seventeenth century. One of the figures often named in connection with this Scotist revival is Samuel Rutherford (1600–61), who was one of the most important Scottish theologians of the seventeenth century. Focussing on Rutherford’s maximalist doctrine of providence, this article demonstrates his profound debt to key Scotist philosophical devices. In structuring these concepts, however, it is demonstrated that Rutherford is influenced (...)
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  46.  61
    Incarceration, Restitution, and Lifetime Debarment: Legal Consequences of Scientific Misconduct in the Eric Poehlman Case: Commentary on: “Scientific Forensics: How the Office of Research Integrity can Assist Institutional Investigations of Research Misconduct During Oversight Review”.Samuel J. Tilden - 2010 - Science and Engineering Ethics 16 (4):737-741.
    Following its determination of a finding of scientific misconduct the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) will seek redress for any injury sustained. Several remedies both administrative and statutory may be available depending on the strength of the evidentiary findings of the misconduct investigation. Pursuant to federal regulations administrative remedies are primarily remedial in nature and designed to protect the integrity of the affected research program, whereas statutory remedies including civil fines and criminal penalties are designed to deter and punish wrongdoers. (...)
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  47. Korsgaard's Kantian Arguments for the Value of Humanity.Samuel J. Kerstein - 2001 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 31 (1):23-52.
    In The Sources of Normativity, Christine Korsgaard affirms that Enlightenment morality is true: humanity is valuable. To many of us few claims seem more obvious. Yet Enlightenment thinkers such as Kant do not limit themselves to affirming that humanity is valuable. They appeal to reason in an effort to establish it. They try to show that, in some sense, we are rationally compelled to recognize the value of humanity. Korsgaard joins in this effort. She champions the claim that unless we (...)
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  48.  24
    Multiattribute Decision Making in Context: A Dynamic Neural Network Methodology.Samuel J. Leven & Daniel S. Levine - 1996 - Cognitive Science 20 (2):271-299.
    A theoretical structure for multiattribute decision making is presented, based on a dynamical system for interactions in a neural network incorporating affective and rational variables. This enables modeling of problems that elude two prevailing economic decision theories: subjective expected utility theory and prospect theory. The network is unlike some that fit economic data by choosing optimal weights or coefficients within a predetermined mathematical framework. Rather, the framework itself is based on principles used elsewhere to model many other cognitive and behavioral (...)
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  49.  34
    Listen, explain, involve, and evaluate: why respecting autonomy benefits suicidal patients.Samuel J. Knapp - 2024 - Ethics and Behavior 34 (1):18-27.
    Out of a concern for keeping suicidal patients alive, some psychotherapists may use hard persuasion or coercion to keep them in treatment. However, more recent evidence-supported interventions have made respect for patient autonomy a cornerstone, showing that the effective interventions that promote the wellbeing of suicidal patients also prioritize respect for patient autonomy. This article details how psychotherapists can incorporate respect for patient autonomy in the effective treatment of suicidal patients by listening to them, explaining treatments to them, involving them (...)
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  50. Kant’s theory of conscience.Samuel J. M. Kahn - 2015 - In Muchnik Pablo & Thorndike Oliver (eds.), Rethinking Kant: Volume IV. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 135-156.
    In this paper I discuss Kant’s theory of conscience. In particular, I explicate the following two claims that Kant makes in the Metaphysics of Morals: (1) an erring conscience is an absurdity and (2) if an agent has acted according to his/her conscience, then s/he has done all that can be required of him/her. I argue that (1) is a very specific claim that does not bear on the problem of moral knowledge. I argue that (2) rests on a strongly (...)
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